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KATs in Epigenetics and Disease
Lysine Acetyltransferases (KATs), also known called Histone Acetyltransferases (HATs), are a group of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to the ε-amino group of lysine residues on histone and non-histone proteins. Lysine acetylation modifies protein function, stability, and interactions by neutralizing the positive charge of the lysine side chain. This modification is crucial for regulating a wide range of cellular processes, including gene expression, metabolism, DNA repair, and protein-protein interactions.
| Protein / Family | Epigenetic Function | Disease Association | Key Publications | Key Products |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acetyl‑CoA | Donor molecule for acetylation. Availability influences KAT activity globally (histone & non-histone). | Cancer (metabolic reprogramming), metabolic diseases; possibly aging. | Wang et al., Science Adv. 2025 |
Antibodies |
| Bromodomain‑containing proteins | Read acetylated lysines; recruit other factors, help stabilize transcription complexes. While not writers, they are essential parts of the functional output of KAT activity. | Cancer, inflammation, possibly neurodegenerative disease; inhibitors of bromodomains are in clinical trials. | Zhou et al., Nature. 2024 | |
| Fatty acyl‑CoAs (palmitoyl‑CoA etc.) | They can bind to KATs and inhibit their activity, reducing histone acetylation. | Possibly in cancer or metabolic diseases (where fatty acid metabolism is altered). | Li et al., Insects. 2025 | |
| GNAT (KAT2A/GCN5), KAT2B/PCAF) | Often found in SAGA complex, active in promoter acetylation,and gene activation. | Various cancers, roles in stem cell maintenance, neurological function, cancer (liver, lung, breast), metabolic disease and possibly neurodegeneration. | Mohammadi et al., Iran J Biotechnol. 2025 Zhu et al., Cell Metab. 2025 |
Antibodies Proteins |
| HATs | Reduce histone-DNA interaction to increase gene expression. | Cancer, Neurodevelopmental disorders and Congenital syndromes. | Mai et al., Cells. 2025 |
Kits |
| MYST( KAT5 /Tip60, KAT6A /MOZ, KAT6B/MORF, KAT7/HBO1, KAT8/MOF) | Involved in development, DNA damage response, regulation of transcription, regulation of chromatin accessibility, and gene expression. | Cancer (breast, prostate, lung), neurological disorders, possibly sensitivity to DNA damaging agents, developmental and X-linked disorders. | Martin et al., Cell. 2023 Niu et al., Nat Commun. 2024 Sharma et al., Cell Chem biol. 2023 Bi et al., Nat Commun. 2025 |
Antibodies Proteins |
| NAA10, NAA20/NATs, CLOCK, etc. | Less canonical roles; some are primarily non-histone acetyltransferases. | X-linked disorders, hypotonia, cardiac arrhythmias. | Han et al., Cell Death Disc. 2025 |
Antibodies |
| P300/CBP (p300, KAT3B, KAT3A, CREBBP/CBP) | Broad coactivators with histone and non-histone targets; essential for enhancer function, chromatin remodeling. | Various cancers (leukemia, colon, breast), Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, other developmental and neurodevelopmental disorders. | Chen et al., J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2025 Liu et al., bioRxiv 2025 Wu et al., Cell Biol Toxicol. 2025 |
Antibodies Proteins Kits |
| Protein complexes containing KATs (SAGA, NSL, HBO1 complexes, etc.) | They target KATs to specific loci, stabilize them, modulate substrate specificity, and integrate signalling inputs. | Aberrant complex formation is implicated in cancer, mislocalization, dependency in certain tumor types. | Roig et al., Cell Commun Signal. 2025 |
Additional Resources
